Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Industrial
Classification of National Economy
The new Industrial Classification of
National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is introduced starting from the compilation
of 2003 annual statistics. The revision, based on the 1994 classification, was
organized by the National Bureau of Statistics taking into consideration of the
International Standards of the Industrial Classification of All Economic
Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United Nations. The new Classification was
promulgated by the National Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine on May 10, 2002. The revised version of the Industrial
Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is composed of 20 major
divisions, 95 divisions, 396 major groups and 913 groups, of which 4 major
divisions, 3 divisions, 28 major groups and 67 groups are new respectively.
Category
of Three Industries
Three industries are categorized according
to the standard of the Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB/T
4754-2002).
Primary Industry includes agriculture,
forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.
Secondary Industry includes industry
(minerals mining, manufacturing, production and supply of electricity, gas and
water) and construction.
Tertiary Industry includes all other
industries not included in primary or secondary industry, including
transportation, storage, post services; information transmitting, computer
services and software; wholesale and retail trade; accommodation and catering
services; finance; real estate; leasing and business services; scientific
research, technical services and geological prospecting; management for water
conservancy, environment and public facilities; resident services and other
social services; education; health care, social security and social welfare;
culture, sports and recreational services; public management and social
organizations , international organizations and so on.
Registration
Status of Enterprises
Enterprises are classified into 3
categories, namely domestic-funded enterprises, enterprises with investment
from Hong Kong, Macau and
State-owned
Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units
where the entire assets are owned by the state and which have registered in
accordance with the Regulation of the People��s
Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises.
Excluded from this category are sole state-funded corporations in the limited
liability corporations. Excluded from this category are enterprises with
exclusive investment from state-owned, state-owned cooperative enterprises in
the join ownership enterprises.
Collective-owned
Enterprises refer to economic units where the assets
are owned collectively and which have registered in accordance with the
Regulation of the People��s Republic of China on the
Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises. Excluded from this
category are collective-owned and collective-owned cooperative enterprises in
joint ownership enterprises, excluded cooperative enterprises.
Cooperative
Enterprises refer to a form of collective economic
units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their shares,
with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production is
organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for
profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution
system that integrates remuneration according to work with divided according to
capital share.
Private
Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units
invested and established by natural persons, or controlled by natural persons
using employed labour. Included in this category are
private limited liability corporations, private share-holding corporations
Ltd., private partnership enterprises, private-funded enterprises and sole
private enterprises registered in accordance with the Corporation Law,
Partnership Enterprises Law and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises.
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units registered in
accordance with the Regulation of the People��s Republic of China on the
Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises, with total registered
capitals divided into equal shares and raised through issuing stocks. Each
investor bears limited liability to the corporation depending on the holding of
shares, and the corporation bears liability to its debt to the maximum of its
total assets.
Limited
Liability Corporations refer to economic
units established with investment from 2-50 investors and registered in
accordance with the Regulation of the People��s
Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises,
each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation depending on its
share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to its debt to the
maximum of its total assets. Limited liability corporations include exclusive
state-funded limited liability corporations and other limited liability
corporations.
Sole
State-funded Corporations refer to limited
liability corporations established with exclusive investment from investment
institutions or departments authorized by the state.
Other
Limited Liability Corporations refer to the limited
liability corporations other than sole state-funded corporations.
Joint
Ownership Enterprises refer to economic
units established by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate
institutions of the same or different ownership, through joint investment on the
basis of equality, voluntary participation and mutual benefits. They include
state joint ownership enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises,
joint state-collective enterprises, and other joint ownership enterprises.
Other
Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to
domestic-funded economic units other than those mentioned above.
Enterprises
with Sole Investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan refer to enterprises established in the mainland of China with
exclusive investment from investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in
accordance with the Law of the People��s Republic of
China on Foreign-Funded Enterprises and other relevant laws.
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the
approval from Ministry of Commerce (former is Ministry of Foreign Trade and
Economic Cooperation) in line with relevant state regulations, where the share
of investment from Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan business men exceeds 25% of the
total registered capital of the corporation. In case, the share of investment
from
Enterprises
with Sole Foreign Investment refer to enterprises
established in the mainland of China with exclusive investment from foreign
investors in accordance with the Law of the People��s
Republic of China on Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises and other relevant laws.
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Foreign Investment refer to
share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from Ministry of
Commerce (the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations) in line
with relevant State regulations, where the share of investment from foreign
investors exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the corporation. In
case the share of foreign investment is less than 25% of the total registered
capital, the enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded share-holding
corporation Ltd.
Government
Agencies, Institutions and Social Organizations
are classified into following categories by source of funds and way of
management taking reference of the registration status of enterprises.
1. Government agencies include state and
party agencies, classified in principle as ��state-owned��. There are exceptions,
such as supply and marketing cooperatives which are classified as
��collective-owned��.
2. Institutions include institutions of
various types established with the approval by organization and staffing
department of the government, but exclude institutions where enterprise
management system is introduced. Institutions are further classified as
follows:
(1) Institutions whose main budget is listed
in the government budget appropriations or extra-budget funds, or allocated
from the budget of their competent government agencies. Such institutions are
classified as ��state-owned��.
(2) Institutions whose budget mainly comes
from collective units. Such institutions are classified as ��collective-owned��.
(3) Institutions established by individual
(individual partnership), which are classified as ��private��.
(4) Institutions other than those mentioned
above whose source of budget are not clear. Such institutions are classified by
way of management.
3. Social organizations include social
organizations established with the approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs,
and organizations that are not covered by social organizations management
regulations such as trade unions, women��s federations etc. Social organizations
are further classified as follows:
(1) Social organizations that are not
covered by social organizations management regulations of the Ministry of Civil
Affairs, such as trade unions, women��s federations, communist youth leagues,
youth associations, industrial and commerce associations, scientists
associations, overseas Chinese associations, etc., foundations and fund
management organization established with funds from state, and social
organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of their competent
government agencies. Such institutions are classified as ��state-owned��.
(2) Social organizations whose budget mainly
comes from collective units. Such institutions are classified as
��collective-owned��.
(3) Social organizations established by
individual (individual partnership), which are classified as ��private��.
(4) Social organizations other than those
mentioned above whose source of budget is not clear.
Such institutions are classified by way of management.
Type
of Ownership
refers to enterprises classified as various
type of ownership in accordance with registered categories of enterprises after
1998.In which, state-owned economy refer to state-owned enterprises, sole
state-funded enterprises, state joint ownership enterprises, collective-owned
economy refer to collective-owned enterprises, cooperative enterprises,
collective joint ownership enterprises; private economy refer to private
enterprises and individual.
The
Division Standard of Urban and Rural Areas
According to The Regulation on The Division
of Urban and Rural Areas in Statistics of State Department No.60 [2008], The new division standard of Urban and Rural Areas is as
follows: Urban Area including city and township. City refers to the residents��
committee and other areas connected with the actual construction of district
and municipal government in the districts of city and the city without
districts. Township refers to the residents�� committee and other areas
connected with the actual construction of district and municipal government
outside city zones and other areas. Rural areas refer to the areas besides
urban areas defined by the regulation.
Actual
Price (current price)
includes all other industries not included
in primary or secondary industry, including transport, storage, post services;
information transmitting, computer services and software; wholesale and retail
trade; accommodation and catering services; finance; real estate; leasing and
business services; scientific research, technical services and geological
prospecting; management for water conservancy, environment and public
facilities; resident services and other social services; education; health care,
social security and social welfare; culture, sports and recreational services;
public management and social organizations and so on.
Constant
Price
refer to prices that are used to remove the factors of price change in
calculating economic aggregates, so as to facilitate comparison of aggregates
over time. Two methods are used for calculating economic aggregates at constant
prices,
a) Multiplying the output
of products by their constant prices of certain year; b) Deflation of data at
current prices by relevant price index.
Average
Annual Increase Rate
shows the average growth rate of social and economic development during a
longer period. It can not be directly calculated by chain based growth rate.
The relation is:
Average Annual Growth Rate = Average Speed
of Development �C 1
Average speed of development is the time
series average of speed which calculated by chain based. Because the reference
bases during the different periods are not same, average speed of development
can not be calculated by the general method. Level approach and accumulative
approach for calculating average speed of development rate are applied. The
��level approach��, or the method of calculating the geometric average, is
derived by the formula of geometric average of the chain-based speeds of
development, or comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that
of the beginning year; the other is called the ��accumulative approach�� or the
��algebraic average��, ��equation�� method, which is derived by the summation of
the actual figure of each year in the interval divided by the figure in the
base year. The level approach focuses on the level of the last year, while the
accumulative approach emphasizes the aggregate development in the duration.
The average annual growth rates listed in
the Yearbook are calculated by the level approach except for the growth rate of
investment in fixed assets. The base year is not listed in the duration for
which average annual growth rates are computed. For instance, the average
annual growth rate of the 43 years since 1949 is shown as the average annual
growth rate of 1950-1992 without showing the base year 1949.