Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Percentage
of Graduates in Primary Schools Entering Junior Secondary Schools
refers to the proportion of school-age students in junior
secondary schools to the total number of junior school-age students.
Percentage of School-age
Children Enrolled
refers to the proportion of children enrolled at primary
schools to the total number of primary school-age children (including retarded children, but
excluding blind, deaf and mute children). The formula is:
Percentage of
School-age Children Enrolled=
Network Education
refers to the net education implemented by modern distance
education selected institute approved by the Ministry of Education, who recruit
the regular and adult undergraduate students and junior college students base
on Internet to give high level education.
Patent
is an abbreviation for the patent right and refers to
the exclusive right of ownership of the inventors or designers for the creation
or inventions, given from the patent offices after due process of assessment
and approval in accordance with the Patent Law. Patents are granted for
inventions, utility models and designs. This indicator reflects the
achievements of S&T and design with independent intellectual property.
Research and Experimental
Development (R&D)
refers to systematic and creative endeavor aimed at
expanding the overall volume of knowledge and applying the knowledge to invent
new uses. It includes basic studies, application research and experimental development.
For industrial enterprises, their R&D mainly belongs to experimental
development activities.
Basic Research refers to
empirical or theoretical research aiming at obtaining new knowledge on the
fundamental principles regarding phenomena or observable facts to reveal the
intrinsic nature and underlying laws and to acquire new discoveries or new
theories. Basic research takes no specific or designated application as the aim
of the research. Results of basic research are mainly released or disseminated
in the form of scientific papers or monographs. This indicator reflects the
innovation capacity for original knowledge.
Applide Research refers to creative research aiming at
obtaining new knowledge on a specific objective or target. Purpose of the applied
research is to identify the possible uses of results from basic research, or to
explore new(fundamental) methods or new approaches.
Results of applied research are expressed in the form of scientific papers,
monographs, fundamental models or invention patens. This indicator reflects the
exploration of ways to apply the results of basic research.
Experiment
and Development refers to systematic activities aiming
at using the knowledge from basic and applied researches or from practical
experience to develop new products, materials and equipment, to establish new
production process, systems and services, or to make substantial improvement on
the existing products, process or services. Results of experiment and
development activities are embodied in patents, exclusive technology, and
monotype of new products or equipment. In social sciences, experiment and
development activities refer to the process of converting the knowledge from
basic or applied researches into feasible programmes
(including conduct of demons- tration projects for
assessment and evaluation). There are no experiment and development activities
in the science of humanities. This indicator reflects the capability of
transferring the results of S&T into technique and products, and measures
the realization of S&T in spearheading the economic and social development.
R&D Personnel
refer to persons engaged in research, management and
supporting activities of R&D, including persons in the project teams,
persons engaged in the management of S&T activities of enterprises and
supporting staff providing direct service to the research projects. This
indicator reflects the size of personnel engaged in R&D activities with
independent intellectual property.
R&D Personnel as
Full-time Equivalent
refers to the sum of the full-time persons and the full-time
equivalent of part-time persons converted by workload. For instance, if there
are 2 full-time persons and 3 part-time workers (20%, 30% and 70% of working
hours respectively on R&D activities), the full-time equivalent are
2+0.2+0.3+0.7=3.2 person-years. This is an internationally comparable indicator
of S&T manpower input.
Technology Market
can be regarded narrowly as technical-dealings place
where technique transfer is made or technology-related good traded at certain
time. As shown in statistical datum presently, turnovers are resulting either
from purchase or from transfer of techniques, together with numbers related to
the inquiry or services involved in technologies.